Archive 2025-04-21

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Dryer Exhaust Heat Recovery Exchanger Technical Overview

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1. Exchanger Types

  • Plate Heat Exchanger
    Compact structure with high heat transfer efficiency, suitable for low-temperature exhaust (<200°C) with minimal corrosiveness. Easy to clean, ideal for small to medium-sized dryers.

  • Rotary Wheel Exchanger
    Transfers heat via a rotating wheel, suitable for high-flow, low-temperature-difference exhaust recovery. High efficiency, best for large-scale drying systems, but requires more space.

2. Design Considerations

  • Exhaust Characteristics
    Evaluate exhaust temperature (typically 80–200°C), flow rate, humidity, and dust content. Corrosive gases require resistant materials (e.g., stainless steel).

  • Heat Recovery Efficiency
    Efficiency ranges from 50%–80%, depending on temperature difference and heat transfer area. Balance efficiency with pressure drop to maintain exhaust performance.

  • Maintenance and Cost
    Plate exchangers are easy to disassemble and clean, with low maintenance costs. Rotary wheel exchangers suit continuous operation but have higher initial costs.

3. Application Scenarios

  • Plate Heat Exchanger: Used in small to medium dryers, such as in food or textile industries, for recovering low-temperature exhaust to preheat fresh air.

  • Rotary Wheel Exchanger: Applied in large industrial dryers, like paper or chemical material drying, for handling high-flow exhaust.

The practice of the United States imposing excessive tariffs is wrong

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The United Nations Industrial Development Organization published an article on its website on the 18th stating that the United States' excessive imposition of tariffs is wrong and will pose huge risks to world economic growth and industrial development, weaken the potential of developing countries and least developed countries to fully participate in global trade, and offset their efforts to modernize their industries and diversify their economies.
The article points out that imposing tariffs will drive up industrial production costs, reduce economic efficiency, offset trade dividends, weaken competitiveness, ultimately endanger global employment, and bring the heaviest blow to the most vulnerable countries in the economy. The imposition of tariffs will also impact the trade of key industries and disrupt the global industrial chain. Protectionism will reduce employment and economic opportunities, slow down the industrialization process, and hinder poverty reduction efforts. Imposing tariffs will not only impact countries with already fragile economies, but also affect the countries implementing tariffs themselves, and will exacerbate geopolitical tensions and uncertainty. The imposition of tariffs by the United States is not based on facts and will not have the expected effect.

Application of waste heat recovery refrigeration in the chemical industry

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During the chemical production process, a large amount of waste heat is generated, such as heat dissipation from reaction vessels and exhaust gas from distillation towers. The refrigeration system driven by industrial waste heat can recover and convert this waste heat into cold energy, which can be used for cooling, crystallization, separation and other processes of chemical products. For example, in urea production, the high-temperature gas discharged from the synthesis tower is recovered through a heat exchanger to drive an absorption refrigeration system, providing cooling capacity for the crystallization of urea solution and improving product quality and production efficiency.

The research and development prospects of new technologies for waste heat recovery

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Efficient heat exchanger technology: Developing heat exchangers with higher heat transfer efficiency, lower resistance, and smaller volume, such as plate heat exchangers and heat pipe heat exchangers designed with new materials and optimized structures, to improve the efficiency and economy of industrial heat recovery.

Intelligent control system: Develop an intelligent industrial heat recovery control system using technologies such as the Internet of Things, big data, and artificial intelligence. By monitoring and analyzing the thermal parameters in the production process in real-time, automatically adjusting the operating status of the heat recovery equipment, optimizing the control of heat recovery, and improving the stability and energy utilization efficiency of the system.

New energy storage technology: Research and apply new energy storage technologies such as phase change energy storage materials and thermochemical energy storage to solve the problems of industrial waste heat discontinuity and instability. By storing heat during the generation of waste heat and releasing it when needed, flexible utilization of waste heat can be achieved, improving the overall performance of the heat recovery system.

New application areas of waste heat recovery

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Data center heat recovery: With the rapid development of data centers, their energy consumption and heat dissipation issues are becoming increasingly prominent. Recovering the waste heat generated by data center servers and other equipment for heating, hot water supply, or preheating of other industrial processes in surrounding buildings, achieving green and energy-saving operation of data centers.

Thermal management of electric vehicle batteries: During the charging and discharging process of electric vehicle batteries, a large amount of heat is generated. Developing an efficient battery thermal management system to recover the waste heat generated by the battery for energy supply to in car heating or other auxiliary equipment can not only improve the performance and lifespan of the battery, but also enhance the overall energy utilization efficiency of electric vehicles.

Industrial waste heat driven refrigeration system: Utilizing industrial waste heat to drive absorption refrigeration, adsorption refrigeration and other systems, providing cooling capacity for the cooling needs in industrial production processes. This method can reduce the energy consumption of traditional electric refrigeration systems, achieve cascade utilization of waste heat, and improve the comprehensive utilization efficiency of energy.

Scientists have studied 3D printed heat exchangers

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As a key device for heat conduction, heat exchangers have penetrated into every corner of modern society, including data centers, ships, factories, and almost all kinds of buildings.

The essential function of such devices is to achieve efficient heat transfer, but at present, due to traditional manufacturing processes, mainstream products still use several standard structures with the lowest cost and simplest processing.

The latest research shows that innovative structures designed through 3D printing technology can make the core components of refrigeration equipment such as air conditioners and refrigerators smaller and more efficient. At present, the research results have been published in the International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer.

Heat exchangers are one of the core equipment in the industrial economy, and they are an important component of every machine and every energy transmission system, "said William King, the corresponding author of this research paper and a professor at the University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign." Existing designs generally use structures that are easy to process, such as straight lines, right angles, and circular tubes

Scientists have studied 3D printed heat exchangers

cross flow heat exchanger applications

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A cross flow heat exchanger is a type of heat exchanger where two fluids flow perpendicular to each other—one flows through tubes or fins, and the other flows across them. This configuration allows efficient heat transfer, often with compact design and good thermal performance.

 Common Applications of Cross Flow Heat Exchangers

1. HVAC Systems (Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning)

  • Used in air handling units and rooftop systems

  • Recovers heat between outgoing exhaust air and incoming fresh air

  • Improves energy efficiency in buildings

2. Automotive Radiators

  • Engine coolant flows through tubes, while air flows across fins

  • Helps dissipate engine heat to maintain optimal temperature

3. Industrial Process Cooling

  • Used in factories for cooling fluids like water, oil, or chemicals

  • Supports machinery, reactors, and turbines that generate waste heat

4. Air Compressors

  • Cools compressed air before it enters storage tanks or usage points

  • Prevents moisture and heat-related damage in pneumatic systems

5. Refrigeration and Heat Pump Systems

  • Used in evaporators and condensers

  • Cross flow design improves compactness and effectiveness, especially in air-to-refrigerant applications

6. Power Plants

  • Employed in air preheaters or cooling towers

  • Enhances overall thermal efficiency by recovering waste heat

7. Food and Beverage Industry

  • For milk pasteurization, beverage cooling, and other heat-sensitive processes

  • Ensures rapid and sanitary heat exchange with minimal fluid mixing

8. Electronics Cooling

  • Integrated in data centers and electronic cabinets

  • Uses cross-flow air or liquid systems to keep components at safe temperatures

The US battery industry heavily relies on China for rare earths needed

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Recently, China has imposed export restrictions on rare earths to the United States. Rare earths, a key resource known as the "industrial vitamin," play a crucial role in battery manufacturing. For a long time, the US battery industry has developed a deep dependence on Chinese rare earths.
In terms of resource reserves, although the United States also has a certain scale of rare earth mines, there is a significant gap with China in terms of mining and refining technology. The only rare earth mine in the United States, Mountain Pass Mine, has only 15% of its mining output to meet domestic demand, and its separation and purification technology has long relied on Chinese patents. This results in two-thirds of the ore extracted by the United States each year having to be transported to China for refining and then re exported back to the United States. This industrial pattern, which heavily relies on China's rare earth supply chain, makes the US battery industry particularly vulnerable to China's rare earth export restrictions.

The United States increases dhttps://www.cndoi.com/wp-admin/post-new.phpeep-sea mining of metal nodules

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China's implementation of export controls on seven categories of heavy rare earth related items has triggered panic in the relevant industries in the United States. British media have revealed that the United States plans to increase deep-sea mining for metal nodules as a substitute.
According to a report by the Financial Times on the 12th, the Trump administration is drafting an executive order stating that the United States is planning to stockpile metals discovered on the Pacific seabed, increase the mining of underwater metal nodules, and store them in the United States to cope with China's restrictions on rare metal exports.
Gerald Barron, CEO of Canada's Deepgreen Metal Company: The elements required for electric vehicle batteries are all in this stone, which is actually a beautiful polymetallic nodule. Remarkably, it is rich in nickel, cobalt, copper, and manganese, which are exactly what is needed to manufacture batteries.

The United States increases dhttps://www.cndoi.com/wp-admin/post-new.phpeep-sea mining of metal nodules

How to avoid the adverse effects of US tariffs

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However, China has a complete industrial chain, strong self-sufficiency in products, and low dependence on foreign countries. Some petrochemical industry chains have been relatively less affected by the US tariffs. At the same time, the Chinese government has also taken a series of countermeasures and policy support to help enterprises cope with challenges, such as imposing tariffs on imported goods originating from the United States and implementing export controls on medium and heavy rare earth related items. Chinese enterprises are also continuously enhancing their competitiveness by improving product quality, strengthening technological innovation, optimizing product structure, and actively responding to the adverse effects of the US tariffs.

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